{"id":20423,"date":"2026-03-04T14:54:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T14:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/?p=20423"},"modified":"2026-03-09T12:09:32","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T12:09:32","slug":"female-marathon-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/female-marathon-study\/","title":{"rendered":"Female Marathon Study"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"718\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-20424 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-scaled.jpg\" style=\"object-position:66% 59%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"66% 59%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-300x84.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-1024x287.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-768x215.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-1536x431.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-2048x574.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-1280x359.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-40x11.jpg 40w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-55x15.jpg 55w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/B__07453_header-100x28.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#7a7067\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group introduction_with_author_group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"introduction_lower\"><div class=\"author-box\">\n                <div class=\"author-avatar\"><img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/10\/Dr_Marc_Fell-150x150.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-50 photo ' height='50' width='50'\/><\/div>\n                    <div class=\"author-info\">\n                    <span class=\"written_by\">Written By<\/span>\n                    <h3>Dr Marc Fell<\/h3>\n                    <h6><\/h6>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div><div class='duration_image'><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazy time_icon\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"28\" title=\"28\" src=\"\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/themes\/sports-nutrition\/images\/time_icon.svg\" > 4 Min<\/div><div class='author_share'>Share <div class=\"share_buttons\"><div class=\"ss-inline-share-wrapper\"><div class=\"ss-inline-share-content\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ad2f72ca wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group parapgraph_group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:left;font-size:50px\">Female Marathon Study with Holly Archer<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"637\" data-id=\"20445\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Holly_Archer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Holly_Archer.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Holly_Archer-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Holly_Archer-768x489.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Holly_Archer-40x25.jpg 40w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Holly_Archer-55x35.jpg 55w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Holly_Archer-100x64.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The latest marathon fuelling research conducted by Science in Sport in trained male runners provides important new insights into the relationship between carbohydrate intake, metabolic response, and performance potential in (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/redefining-marathon-fuelling-guides\/\">Redefining Marathon Fuelling Guides<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The findings demonstrate, for the first time, a clear dose-response relationship between carbohydrate ingestion and both whole-body and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during simulated marathon running. An intake of 120 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9 not only maintained higher carbohydrate oxidation rates throughout the protocol but also appeared to confer a metabolic advantage, as evidenced by improved running economy, compared with more traditional strategies of 60 and 90 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peak exogenous oxidation rates, which represent how much of the carbohydrate being consumed was being utilised, reached 1.64 &#8211; 1.99 g\u00b7min\u207b\u00b9, among the highest ever reported in runners. At the same time, the findings highlighted real-world challenges: the high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms across all conditions underscored the importance of gut training and tolerance strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taken together, the message was compelling; high-carbohydrate fuelling can translate into potential metabolic advantages, but it must be done intelligently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>However, much of the sport nutrition science underpinning marathon performance has historically been derived from male data, leaving female-specific responses comparatively underexplored<\/em><\/strong>. <br>Science in Sport has therefore taken the next step. Using the same robust experimental design, we investigated how carbohydrate intakes of 60, 90, and 120 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9 influence physiological and metabolic outcomes in elite female runners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE STUDY<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To bring the science to life, we will step inside <strong>Holly Archer<\/strong>&#8216;s journey, from the study to exploring her physiological responses, metabolic outcomes, and lived experience through participation in the research. This closer examination highlights how personalised, evidence-based fuelling strategies may help female marathoners unlock new performance ceilings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Holly, the testing revealed a clear, practical takeaway: the more carbohydrate she consumed, the better her body could support the demands of marathon-pace running. When Holly fuelled at 120 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9, she achieved higher carbohydrate oxidation and showed signs of improved running economy compared with 60 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9. When consuming<strong> 60 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9<\/strong>, her mean whole body carbohydrate oxidation rate across the 2 hours was 1.66 g\u00b7min\u207b\u00b9, increasing to 1.85 g\u00b7min\u207b\u00b9 at<strong> 90 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9<\/strong> and 2.2 g\u00b7min\u207b\u00b9 at <strong>120 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9<\/strong>. Her peak exogenous oxidation rate followed the same pattern: 60 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9: 0.91 g\u00b7min\u207b\u00b9; 90 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9: 1.31 g\u00b7min\u207b\u00b9; and 120 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9: 1.75 g\u00b7min\u207b\u00b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"592\" data-id=\"20452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-04-at-11.51.28.png\" alt=\"Peak Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation Chart\" class=\"wp-image-20452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-04-at-11.51.28.png 764w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-04-at-11.51.28-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-04-at-11.51.28-40x31.png 40w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-04-at-11.51.28-55x43.png 55w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-04-at-11.51.28-100x77.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Holly\u2019s heart rate stayed similar across trials, but what really changed was how the effort felt; her rating of perceived exertion was noticeably lower at 90 and 120 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9, meaning the same pace felt more controlled and sustainable when she fuelled more aggressively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As her carbohydrate intake increased, her body relied more on carbohydrate and less on fat as fuel, helping her maintain the preferred and more efficient fuel source for marathon performance. Importantly, Holly was also able to oxidise more of the carbohydrate she consumed at the higher doses, directly turning race nutrition into usable energy. From a performance perspective, these point Holly toward a fuelling target of around 90 &#8211; 120 g\u00b7h\u207b\u00b9 for marathon racing to help sustain pace and delay fatigue. But the testing also highlighted a real-world challenge: higher intakes brought gastrointestinal discomfort. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Holly&#8217;s key learning? Race-day fuelling needs rehearsal. By regularly practising higher carbohydrate intakes in long runs and race-pace sessions, using a mix of gels and drinks, she can train her gut, improve tolerance, and arrive on the start line with a strategy her body is well adapted to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"594\" height=\"521\" data-id=\"20444\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/60g_1.png\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-20444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/60g_1.png 594w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/60g_1-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/60g_1-40x35.png 40w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/60g_1-55x48.png 55w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/60g_1-100x88.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"593\" height=\"521\" data-id=\"20430\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/90g.png\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-20430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/90g.png 593w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/90g-300x264.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/90g-40x35.png 40w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/90g-55x48.png 55w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/90g-100x88.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"628\" height=\"538\" data-id=\"20432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/120g.png\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-20432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/120g.png 628w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/120g-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/120g-40x34.png 40w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/120g-55x47.png 55w, https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/120g-100x86.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group written_by_group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"author_written_by\">\n                                    <div class='written_by_title'>Written By<\/div>\n                                    <div class='written_content'>\n                                        <div class='written_by_avavtar'><img data-del=\"avatar\" src='https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/10\/Dr_Marc_Fell-150x150.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-50 photo ' height='50' width='50'\/><span class='written_by_name_mobile'>Dr Marc Fell<\/span><\/div>\n                                        <div class='written_by_description'>\n                                         <div class='written_by_name'>Dr Marc Fell<\/div>\n                                         <div class='written_by_guest'><\/div>\n                                          <div class='written_by_introduction'>Marc is a Senior Performance Nutritionist at Science in Sport (SiS), where he plays a role in the Performance Solutions and Science programmes. As part of SiS\u2019s elite partnerships, he is currently embedded with the Great Britain Cycling Team as a performance nutritionist and supports our additional performance solutions partners, including Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Previously, Marc served as an embedded performance nutritionist with the INEOS Grenadiers World Tour cycling team, also through SiS\u2019s elite partnership network. His academic background includes PhD research conducted in collaboration with the former Team Sky cycling team. In addition to his work in elite cycling, Marc has held performance nutrition roles across Premier League Football and Olympic Track and Field.<\/div>\n                                          <div class='written_by_link'>\n                                            <a href='https:\/\/www.scienceinsport.com\/sports-nutrition\/author\/marcfell\/'>More articles by author<\/a>\n                                          <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                      <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Female Marathon Study with Holly Archer The latest marathon fuelling research conducted by Science in Sport in trained male runners provides important new insights into the relationship between carbohydrate intake, metabolic response, and performance potential in (Redefining Marathon Fuelling Guides). The findings demonstrate, for the first time, a clear dose-response relationship between carbohydrate ingestion and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":468,"featured_media":20425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[673,452,453],"tags":[56,109,641,679],"class_list":["post-20423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-science","category-sport","category-running","tag-carbohydrate","tag-marathon","tag-female-athlete","tag-marathon-fueling"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","product_skus":"","post_banner":false,"duration_type":"time","duration_time":"4"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Female Marathon Study  | SiS Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dive into the study investigating how carbohydrate intakes influence 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